TYPICAL QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

 

PART - I

 

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

 

 

Each Question carries 2 marks.

 

Choose correct or the best alternative in the following:

 

Q.1       The “Superposition theorem” is essentially based on the concept of

                   (A)  duality.                                         (B)  linearity.

                   (C)  reciprocity.                                   (D)  non-linearity.

 

             Ans: B

 

Q.2       Cells are connected in parallel in order to

(A)    increase the voltage available.       (B)  reduce cost of wiring.

(C)  increase the current available.        (D)  reduce the time required to fully

                                                                   charge them after use.

             Ans: C

 

Q.3       The power factor of a purely resistive circuit is

                   (A)  zero.                                            (B)  unity.

(C)    lagging.                                         (D)  leading.

 

             Ans: B

 

Q.4       The power taken by a 3-phase load is given by the expression

                                                                       (A) .       (B)  .

(C)  .                             (D)  .

 

             Ans: B

 

Q.5       Which of the following generating stations has the minimum running cost?

                   (A)  hydro-electric station.                   (B)  nuclear power station.

(C)  thermal power station.                  (D)  diesel power plant.

 

             Ans: A

 

Q.6       Which of the following motors has a high starting torque?

(A)     ac series motor.                            (B)  dc series motor.

(C)  induction motor.                           (D)  synchronous motor.

             Ans: B     

 

Q.7       A step-up transformer increases

                   (A)  voltage.                                        (B)  current.

(C)  power.                                         (D)  frequency.

            

             Ans: A

 

Q.8       The effect of increasing the length of the air gap in an induction motor will be to increase

                   (A)  power factor.                               (B)  speed.

                   (C)  magnetising current.                      (D)  air-gap flux.

 

             Ans: C

 

Q.9       The combined resistance of two equal resistors connected in parallel is equal to

                   (A)  One half the resistance of one resistor.

                   (B)  Twice the resistance of one resistor.

(C)    Four times the resistance of one resistor.                                                                  

(D)   One fourth the resistance of one resistor.

       

             Ans: A

 

Q.10           Superposition theorem can be applicable only to circuits having _________ elements.

(A)    Non- linear                                   (B)  Passive

(C)  Resistive                                       (D)  Linear bilateral

            

             Ans: D

 

Q.11           The Q- factor of a coil is given by

                   (A)  Its power factor cos j.                

(B)    Ratio of max. energy stored & energy dissipated per cycle..

(C)    Reciprocal of its power factor.     

(D)    Ratio R/Z.

 

             Ans: C

 

Q.12           Voltage equation of a dc motor is

(A)  V = Eb + Ia Ra.                             (B) Eb = V + Ia Ra.

(C)  V = Eb / Ia Ra.                              (D) V = Eb + Ia 2Ra.            

 

             Ans: A

 

Q.13           The efficiency of a transformer is maximum when

                   (A)  It runs at half full load.                   (B)  It runs at full load.

(C)  Its Cu loss equals iron loss.           (D)  It runs overload.

 

             Ans: C

 

Q.14           The crawling in an induction motor is caused by

(A)  Improper design of the machine    (B)  Low voltage supply.

(C)  High loads.                                   (D)  Harmonics developed in the motor.

       

             Ans: D

 

Q.15           The starting winding of a single-phase motor is placed in

(A)     Rotor.                                          (B)  Stator.

(C)  Armature.                                     (D)  Field.

 

             Ans: B

 

Q.16           Reduction in the capacitance of a capacitor- start motor results in reduced

(A)    Noise.                                          (B) Speed.

(C) Starting torque.                              (D) Armature reaction.

 

             Ans: C

 

Q.17           In an ac circuit, the ratio of kW / kVA represents

(A)  Power factor.                                (B) Load factor.

(C) Form factor.                                  (D) Diversity factor.

 

             Ans: A

 

Q.18           The unit of inductance is

(A)  Ohm.                                           (B) Mho.

(C)  Farad.                                          (D) Henry.

 

             Ans: D

 

Q.19                                                                    Thevenin’s equivalent circuit consists of _________.

                   (A)  Series combination of RTh, ETh and RL.

                   (B)  Series combination of RTh, ETh.

(C)  Parallel combination of RTh, ETh.  

(D) Parallel combination of RTh, ETh and RL.

       

             Ans: B

 

Q.20                                                                      In an R – L –C circuit, the phase of the current with respect to the circuit voltage will be_________.

 

(A)   Leading.                                       (B)  Same.

(C)  Lagging.                                       (D)  Depends upon the value of Land C.

            

             Ans: D

 

Q.21           The frequency of DC supply is__________.       

                   (A)  Zero.                                            (B)  16 ⅔ Hz.

(C)  50 Hz.                                          (D)  100 Hz.

 

             Ans: A

 

Q.22           Load factor is defined as the ratio of _________.

                   (A)  Average Demand / Max. Demand. 

(B)    Max. Demand / Average Demand.

                   (C)  Average Demand / Connected load.             

                   (D)  Connected load / Max. Demand. 

 

             Ans: A

 

Q.23           Static Capacitors are used for__________.

                   (A)  Power improvement.                    (B)  Current improvement.

(C)  Voltage improvement.                   (D)  Power factor improvement.

 

             Ans: D

 

Q.24           The speed of an induction motor__________.

(A)  Decreases too much with the increase of load.

(B)     Increases with the increase of load.

(C)     Decreases slightly with the increase of load.  

(D)    Remains constant with the increase of load.

       

             Ans: C

 

Q.25           Centrifugal switch is provided for disconnecting the auxiliary winding in a_______.

(A)  Capacitor- start motor.                 (B)  Capacitor run motor.

(C)  Reluctance motor.                        (D)  Hysteresis motor.

 

             Ans: A

 

Q.26           Rotating magnetic field is produced in a ________.

(A) Single- phase induction motor.       (B) Three- phase induction motor.

(C) DC series motor.                           (D) AC series motor.

 

             Ans: B

 

Q.27           The frequency of the secondary voltage of a transformer will be_________.

(A) Less than the frequency of the primary voltage.

(B)   Equal to the primary voltage.

(C) Greater than the frequency of the primary voltage.       

(D) Very much greater than the frequency of the primary voltage.

 

             Ans: B

 

Q.28           The demand factor for the electrical system is the ratio of

                   (A)  Maximum demand to connected load                                                                        

                   (B)  Maximum demand to average load

                   (C)  Average power to maximum power                                                                                                           

                   (D)  Relative power to total power

 

             Ans: A                                                                                                                                 

 

Q.29     When a low resistance is connected in parallel with a high resistance, the combined resistance is

                   (A)  Always more than the high resistance.

                   (B)  Always less than the low resistance.

(C)    Always between the high resistance & low resistance.                                              

(D)     Either lower or higher than low resistance depending on the value of high  resistance.

       

             Ans: B

 

Q.30                                                                      Q factor of an inductive coil is given by

                   (A) R/Z                                               (B)           

                   (C)                                      (D) l r/l

                

             Ans: B

 

 

Q.31           The r.m.s. value of sinusoidal 100 V peak to peak is _________ volt.          

                   (A)                                        (B) 

(C)  50                                                (D)  100

 

             Ans: B

 

Q.32             If the readings of the two wattmeters in the 2-wattmeter method of power measurement are 4.5 kW and 3.5 kW respectively and the latter reading has been obtained after reversing the current coil of the wattmeter.  What will be the total power in kW?

                    (A) 1                                                  (B)  3.5

(C)  4.5                                              (D) 8       

 

             Ans: A

 

Q.33           A DC series motor is best suited for driving

                   (A)  Lathes.                                         (B)  Cranes and hoists.

(C)  Shears and punches.                     (D)  Machine tools.

 

             Ans: B

 

Q.34           Transformer cores are built up from laminations rather than from solid metal so that

 

(A)  Oil penetrates the core more easily.

(B)  Eddy current loss is reduced.

(C)   Less lamination is required for the windings.  

(D)  Turn ratio is higher than voltage ratio.

       

             Ans: B

 

Q.35           In a DC series motor increase in load current results in

(A) Decrease in speed                         (B)  Increase in speed

(C) Better commutation                       (D) Increase in the back emf.

 

             Ans: A

 

Q.36           The starting torque of a 1-phase induction motor is

(A) High.                                             (B)  Moderate.

(C) Low.                                             (D) Zero.

 

             Ans: D

 

 

 

Q.37                                                                      An electric motor in which rotor and stator fields rotate simultaneously is called a __________ motor.

(A)  DC                                                (B)  Induction

(C) Synchronous                                 (D) Universal

 

             Ans: C

 

Q.38           In India, electrical power is transmitted by

(A)  1 – phase a.c. system.                  (B) 3-wire d.c. system.

(C)  3-phase 3-wire a.c. system.          (D) 2-wire d.c. system.

 

             Ans: C

 

Q.39            In ac circuit the product of voltage and current is known as 

                                                                  (A) Power.                                  (B) Real power.

                                                                  (C) Resistive power.            (D) Apparent power.

 

             Ans: D

 

Q.40           A network that does not have either voltage or current sources is called

      (A) Active network.                              (B) Passive network.

      (C) Resistive network.                        (D) Dummy network.

 

             Ans: B

 

Q.41            The Power- factor at resonance in R-L-C circuit is    

                                                                  (A) Zero.                                              (B) Unity.

                                                                  (C) 0.5 lagging.                            (D) 0.5 leading.

 

             Ans: B

 

Q.42           In an 8 – pole wave connected motor armature, the number of parallel paths are   

 

      (A) 8                                                    (B) 4

      (C) 2                                                    (D) 1                                         

 

             Ans: C

 

Q.43           Transformer core is laminated to 

      (A) Reduce the copper losses.              (B) Reduce the core losses.

      (C) Reduce the eddy current losses.      (D) None of these.

 

             Ans: C

Q.44           The relation between frequency, speed and number of poles is given by 

      (A)                             (B)

      (C)                             (D)

 

             Ans: A

 

Q.45           Star – delta starter of an induction motor

      (A) Inserts resistance in rotor circuit.    

                                                                  (B) Inserts resistance in stator circuit.

                                                                  (C) Applies reduced voltage to rotor.                       

                                                                  (D) Applies reduced voltage to stator.

 

Ans: D

 

Q.46           Stator core of an induction motor is made of

                                                                  (A) Laminated cast iron.                   (B) Mild steel.                                                     

                                                                  (C) Silicon steel stampings.           (D) Soft wood.

 

             Ans: C

 

Q.47           Watt hour is the unit of   

                                                                  (A) Electric power.              (B) Electric capacity.                                                

                                                                  (C) Electric energy.                (D) Electric charge.

 

             Ans: C

 

Q.48     A battery is a source of

      (A) DC voltage.                                    (B) 1 f AC voltage.

      (C) 3 f AC voltage.                             (D) AC or DC voltage.

 

             Ans: A

 

Q.49      Which DC motors has approximately constant speed?

                   (A)  Series motor.                                (B)  Shunt motor

                   (C)  Cumulatively compound motor (D)  All of the above.

 

              Ans: B

 

Q.50           Which of the following bulbs will have the least resistance?

                   (A)  220V, 60W                                 (B)  220 V, 100 W

                   (C)  115 V, 60 W                              (D)  115V, 100 W

 

              Ans: D

 

Q.51                                                                      Resistance of a wire is  r ohms. The wire is stretched to double its length, then its resistance in ohms is

                   (A)  r/2                                                (B)  4r

                   (C)  2r                                                 (D)  r/4

 

              Ans: B

 

Q.52           An electric machine will have high efficiency when   

                   (A)  input/output ratio is low                 (B)  reactive power is more

                   (C)  kWh consumption is low               (D)  losses are low

 

              Ans: D

 

Q.53           Which type of loss is not common to transformers and rotating machines?

                   (A)  Eddy current loss                          (B)  Copper loss

                   (C)  Hysteresis loss                              (D)  Windage loss

 

              Ans: D

 

Q.54                                                                      The difference between the synchronous speed and the actual speed of an induction motor is known as

                   (A)  Regulation                                    (B)  back lash

                   (C)  slip                                               (D)  lag

 

              Ans: C

 

Q.55     In two wattmeter method of power measurement, if one of the wattmeter shows zero reading, then it can be concluded that

                   (A)  Power factor is unity                     (B)  Power factor is zero

                   (C)  Power factor is 0.5 lagging            (D)  Power factor is 0.5 leading

 

              Ans: C

Q.56           Which of the following will remain the same in all parts of a series circuit?

                   (A)  Voltage                                        (B)  Current                                                    

                   (C)  Power                                          (D)  Resistance

 

              Ans: B

 

 

 

Q.57           Which single phase motor would you select for a tape recorder?   

                   (A)  Reluctance motor                         (B)  Hysteresis motor                                                                                            

                   (C)  Synchronous motor                      (D)  Universal motor

 

              Ans: B

 

Q.58           Under the condition of resonance, RLC series circuit behaves as a,

(A) Purely resistive circuit.                   (B)  Purely inductive circuit.

(C) Capacitive circuit.                          (D) Reactive circuit.

 

Ans:A  

             

Q.59     During charging, the electrolyte of a lead acid cell becomes

                   (A) Stronger.                                       (B) Weaker.         

(C) Water.                                          (D) Diluted.  

 

              Ans:D

 

Q.60                                                                      As compared to shunt and compound motors, series motor have the highest torque because of its comparatively __________ at the start.  

(A) Lower armature resistance.            (B)  Stronger series field.

(C)  Fewer series turns.                       (D)  Larger armature current.

 

              Ans:D

 

Q.61                                                                      The input of an ac circuit having p.f. of 0.8 lagging is 20 kVA.  The power drawn by the circuit is __________ kW.                                 

(A)     12.                                               (B)  20.

(C)  16.                                               (D)  8.

 

             Ans: C

 

Q.62           The voltage ratio of the transformer is given as

(A)                                         (B) 

(C)                                          (D)

 

             Ans:A

 

Q.63           The relationship between the frequency of ac wave and the time period is given by

(A) f = T                                             (B) 

(C)                                         (D)

 

             Ans: C

 

Q.64     Which of the following power plant has the maximum efficiency?

(A)  Thermal                                        (B) Hydroelectric

(C)  Nuclear                                        (D) Diesel

 

              Ans:C

 

Q.65     Three capacitors of value ,  and 32 are connected in series, the total capacitance will be

(A) .                                      (B) 7.32 .

                   (C) 56 .                                         (D) 32 .

 

             Ans: A

 

Q.66           The following components are all active components

(A)   a resistor and an inductor.             

(B)   a diode, a BJT and an FET.

(C)   a capacitor, and an inductor.         

(D)  an Opamp, a BJT and thermionic triode.

 

             Ans: B

 

Q.67           In forward mode NPN BJT, if we increase the voltage , the collector current increases

(A)    due to ohm’s law, higher  causes higher current. 

(B)    due to base width decrease less carrier recombine in the base region.

(C)    as the gradient of the minority carriers in the base region becomes steeper.

(D)    due to both the reasons (B) and (C).

 

             Ans: D

 

Q.68           The barrier voltage  in a junction diode is the effect of

(A)   the p-side and n-side of the junction forming a battery.                                               

(B)   the emf required to move the holes fast enough to have the mobility equal to that of the electrons.

(C)   the recombination of charge carriers across the junction leaving behind the opposite charged ions.   

(D)  the voltage needed to make the semiconductor material behave as a conductor.

 

             Ans:C

 

 

Q.69           An emitter follower has high input impedance because

(A)   large emitter resistance is used.     

(B)   large biasing resistance is used.

(C)   there is negative feedback in the base emitter circuit.   

(D)  the emitter-base junction is highly reverse biased.

            

             Ans: C

 

Q.70                                                                      In a differential amplifier an ideal CMRR is

(A) infinity.                                          (B) zero.

(C) –1.                                                (D) +1.

            

             Ans: A

 

Q.71           FET is advantageous in comparison with BJT because of 

(A)   high input impedance.                   (B)  high gain-bandwidth product.

(C) its current controlled behaviour.     (D)  high noise immunity.

 

             Ans: A

 

Q.72           The emission of electrons in a vacuum diode is achieved by

(A)     electrostatic field.                         (B)  magnetic field.

(C)  heating.                                        (D)  electron bombardment.

 

             Ans: C

 

Q.73                                                    The colour code of a resistor of nominal value 10% is  

                   (A)  Red, violet, red and silver.            (B)  Red, violet, yellow and gold.

(C)    Red, violet, orange and silver.      (D)  Red, violet, red and gold.

 

             Ans: A

       

Q.74           Capacitor that can have the highest capacitance value is

(A)    Mica                                            (B)  Paper

(C)  Electrolytic                                   (D)  Ceramic

            

             Ans: C

 

Q.75                                                                      The equivalent current-source representation for a voltage-source with open circuit voltage 12 V and internal resistance 3 ohms is

                   (A)  a current-source of strength 4A in shunt with a resistance of .          

(B)  a current –source of strength 4A in series with a resistance of .

(C)  a current-source of strength 4A in shunt with a resistance of 3 ohms.

(D) a current-source of strength 4A in shunt with a resistance of 36 ohms.

 

             Ans: C

 

Q.76           An intrinsic semiconductor at absolute zero temperature

                   (A)  has a large number of holes.         

(B)    behaves like an insulator.

                   (C)  behaves like a metallic conductor.

                   (D)  has few holes and same number of electrons.

 

                                                                              Ans: A

 

Q.77                                                                      The current flow through a Ge PN junction diode with a forward bias of 0.22 Volt and a reverse saturation current of 1 mA at  is around               

(A)     6.3 A                                           (B)  5.22 A

(C)  4 mA                                           (D)  5.1 mA

 

             Ans: B

 

Q.78           For the operation of a depletion-type N-MOSFET, the gate voltage has to be

(A)     low positive                                  (B)  high positive

(C)  high negative                                 (D)  zero

 

             Ans: D

 

Q.79           The typical operating voltage for LED’s ranges from

(A)     0.2 V to 0.6 V.                            (B)  6 V to 10 V.

(C)  1.5 V to 2.5 V.                            (D)  9 V to 10 V.

 

             Ans: C

 

Q.80           Capacitors for integrated circuits

(A)    cannot be made using diffusion techniques.   

(B)    can be made with very high values of capacitance.

(C)    are always discrete components connected externally.

(D)    can be made using silicon dioxide as the dielectric.

 

             Ans: D

 

Q.81                                                                      The magnitude of variation in the output voltage for a 10 V regulated dc power supply of 0.002% regulation will be

(A)   0.2 mV.                                        (B) 0.002 mV.

(C) 0.02 mV.                                      (D) 0.2 .

 

             Ans: A

Q.82           For the circuit shown in Fig.1, the output voltage is given by

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 


(A)  .                   

(B)  .

(C)  .           

(D) .

 

             Ans: C

 

Q.83                                                                         Which one of the following statements is not true?  

                   (A)  Capacitance is a measure of a capacitor’s capability to store charge.

(B)     A  capacitor offers high impedance to ac but very low impedance to dc.

(C)  A capacitor is also used as bypass capacitor.

(D)   Capacitors are used to couple alternating voltages from one circuit to another and at the same time to block dc voltage from reaching the next circuit.

          

             Ans: B

 

Q.84                                                                      A voltage source having an open-circuit voltage of 100 V and internal resistance of 50 is equivalent to a current source

(A) 2A in parallel with 50.               (B) 2A with 50 in series.

(C) 0.5A in parallel with 50.            (D) 2A in parallel with 100.                              

            

             Ans: A

 

Q.85           In a Zener diode large reverse current is due to 

                   (A) collision.                                        (B) presence of impurities.

(C) rupture of bonds                            (D) lower resistance in reverse biased

                                                                  region.

 

             Ans: D

 

Q.86           Ripple factor of a full-wave rectifier without filter will be

(A)  0.2.                                             (B) 0.48.

(C)  0.24.                                           (D)  1.21.

 

             Ans: B

 

Q.87           JFET has main drawback of

                   (A)  having low input impedance.       

(B)     having high output impedance.

(C)     being noisy.                                 

(D)    Having small gain-bandwidth product.

 

             Ans: D

 

Q.88           A UJT has 

(A)  stable negative resistance characteristics.      

(B)     low firing current.

(C)     use as a waveform generator.      

(D)    all of these characteristics.

 

             Ans: D

 

Q.89           For thermionic emission

(A)  a material with high work function is preferable.          

(B)     a material with low work function is preferable.

(C)     the work function of the material has no importance.  

(D)    None of these is true.

 

             Ans: B

 

Q.90           Ideal operational amplifier has input impedance of

(A) .                                           (B)  infinity.

(C)  zero.                                            (D)  .

 

             Ans: B

 

Q.91                                                                      The CE configuration amplifier circuits are preferred over CB configuration amplifier circuits because they have

(A) lower amplification factor.             

(B)   Larger amplification factor.

(C) high input resistance and low output resistance.           

(D) none of these.

 

             Ans: B

 

Q.92           The most commonly used type of electron emission in electron tubes is

(A) Photo-electron emission.                (B)  Thermionic emission.

(C) Field emission.                               (D)  Secondary emission.

 

             Ans: A

 

Q.93     The colour band sequence of a resistor is grey, Blue, gold, and gold.  The range in which its value must lie so as to satisfy the tolerance specified is between  

                   (A)   and                           (B)   and

(C)  and                 (D)   and

             Ans: D

          

Q.94     A device whose characteristics are very close to that of an ideal current source is

(A) a gas diode.                                   (B) a BJT in CB mode.

(C) a BJT in CE mode.                        (D) a triode.                                                         

            

             Ans: C

 

Q.95           In an N-type semiconductor, the concentration of minority carriers mainly depends upon          

(A) the doping technique.                     (B) the number of donor atoms.

(C) the temperature of the material       (D) the quality of the intrinsic material,

                                                                 Ge or Si.

 

             Ans: B

 

Q.96           When forward bias is applied to a junction diode, it

(A)  increases the potential barrier.     

(B)  decreases the potential barrier.    

(C)  reduces the majority-carrier current to zero. 

(D)  reduces the minority-carrier current to zero.

 

             Ans: B

 

Q.97           The theoretical maximum efficiency of a Bridge rectifier circuit is                                 

(A)  48.2%.                                         (B)  81.2%.

(C)  82%.                                            (D)  40.6%.          

 

             Ans: B

 

Q.98           The input resistance of a common-collector configuration will be of the order of  

(A)                                        (B) 

(C)                                      (D)   and above 

 

             Ans: D

 

Q.99           A switching voltage regulator can be of the following type:

(A)  step-down                                    (B)  step-up

(C)  inverting                                       (D)  none of these

 

             Ans: A

 

Q.100   A UJT contains

(A) four pn junctions                            (B)  three pn junctions

(C) two pn junctions                            (D) one pn junction

 

             Ans: D

 

Q.101   The foundation on which an IC is built is called

 

(A) an insulator.                                   (B)  a base.

(C) a wafer.                                         (D) a plate.

 

             Ans: C

 

Q.102   X-ray tubes make use of

                                          (A) Thermionic emission.            (B) Secondary emission.

(C) High field emission.                        (D) Photoelectric emission.

             Ans: C

 

Q.103   Which of the following components are all active components?   

                   (A)  A resistor and a capacitor.           

                   (B)  A microphone, a LCD and a Thyratron.

(C)  An electric bulb, a transformer and a varactor diode.

(D)  An SCR, a vacuum diode and an LED.

                                                                              

             Ans: D

 

Q.104   Doping materials are called impurities because they

(A)     Decrease the number of charge carriers.                                                                   

(B)  Change the chemical properties of semiconductors.

(C)    Make semiconductors less than 100 percent pure.                                                    

(D)    Alter the crystal structures of the pure semiconductors.                                              

            

             Ans: B

 

Q.105   Avalanche breakdown is primarily dependent on the phenomenon of

                   (A)  Collision                                       (B)  Doping           

(C)  Ionisation                                     (D)  Recombination

                                                          

             Ans: D

 

Q.106   In a rectifier, larger the value of shunt capacitor filter

(A)  Larger the peak-to-peak value of ripple voltage.       

(B)      Larger the peak current in the rectifying diode.

(C)  Longer the time that current pulse flows through the diode.      

(D)  Smaller the dc voltage across the load.

 

             Ans: D

 

Q.107         The main reason why electrons can tunnel through a P-N junction is that

                       (A)  They have high energy.                

(B)  Barrier potential is very low.

(C)     Depletion layer is extremely thin.  

(D)    Impurity level is low.

 

             Ans: C

 

Q.108           If a change in base current does not change the collector current, the transistor amplifier is said to be   

(A)  Saturated.                                    (B)  Cut-off.

(C)  Critical.                                        (D)  Complemented.

 

             Ans: A

 

Q.109   The extremely high input impedance of a MOSFET is primarily due to the 

(A)  Absence of its channel.                

(B)  Negative gate-source voltage.

(C)  Depletion of current carriers.        

(D)  Extremely small leakage current of its gate capacitor.

 

             Ans: A

 

Q.110   After firing an SCR, the gating pulse is removed.  The current in the SCR will

(A)  Remains the same.                        (B)  Immediately fall to zero.

                   (C)  Rise up.                                        (D)  Rise a little and then fall to zero.

 

             Ans: A

 

Q.111   An inverting operational amplifier has  and .  Its scale factor is 

 

(A) 1000.                                            (B)  .

(C) .                                            (D)  .

 

             Ans: B

 

Q.112   In the context of IC fabrication, metallisation means

                                          (A) Connecting metallic wires.      

(B) Forming interconnecting conduction pattern and bonding pads.

(C) Depositing  layer.                 

(D) Covering with a metallic cap.

             Ans: B

 

Q.113   The colour band sequence of a resistor is yellow, violet, orange and gold.  The range in which its value must lie so as to satisfy the tolerance specified is between  

                   (A)   and                (B)   and

(C)   and        (D)   and

                                                                              

             Ans: D

 

Q.114   A device whose characteristics are very close to that of an ideal voltage source is

(A)  a vaccum diode.                           (B)  a DIAC.

(C)  a zener diode.                               (D)  a FET.                                                          

            

             Ans: C

 

Q.115   The forbidden energy gap in semiconductors

                         

(A)  lies just below the valance band   

(B)  lies just above the conduction band 

(C)  lies between the valence band and the conduction band           

(D)  is the same as the valence band

                                                          

             Ans: C

 

Q.116   The barrier potential for a Ge PN junction is

(A)  0.6V.                                          (B)  0.3V.

(C)  0.1V.                                          (D)  0.5V.

 

             Ans: B

 

Q.117   The ripple factor of a power supply is a measure of

                          (A)  its voltage regulation.                    (B)  its diode rating.

(C)  purity of power output.                 (D)  its filter efficiency.       

 

             Ans: C

 

Q.118                                                                    In a BJT, if the emitter junction is reverse-biased and the collector junction is reverse-biased, it is said to operate in    

(A)   in active region                              (B)  in saturation region

(C)  in cut-off region                            (D)  none of the above

 

             Ans: C

 

Q.119   In the switching type of voltage regulators, the power efficiency will be of the order of 

(A)  50% or less.                                 (B)  60%.

(C)  40% or more.                               (D)  90% or more.

             Ans: D

 

Q.120   The resistance between bases of a UJT is typically in the range of

(A)   2 to 3 K                                 (B)  5 to 10 K

                   (C)  15 to 20 K                              (D)  18 to 20 K

 

             Ans: B

 

Q.121   The quantity that serves as a figure of merit for a DIFF AMP is

(A)  slew rate.                                     (B)  bandwidth.

(C)  input bias current.                         (D)  CMRR.

 

             Ans: D

 

Q.122   Practical range of resistance values obtainable with base diffused resistors is

                                         

(A)  10  to 1 K                          (B)  20  to 30 K

(C)  5  to 3 K                            (D)  20K to 50 K

 

             Ans: D

 

Q.123   The colour band sequence of a resistor is Yellow, Violet, Orange and Gold.  The range in which its value must lie so as to satisfy the tolerance specified is between  

                   (A)   and           (B)   and

(C)   and           (D)   and

                                                          

             Ans: B

 

Q.124                                                                    With increasing temperature, the resistivity of an intrinsic semiconductor decreases. This is because, with the increase of temperature

(A)  The carrier concentration increases but the mobility of carriers decreases.

(B) Both the carrier concentration and mobility of carriers decreases.

(C) The carrier concentration decreases, but the mobility of carriers   increases.

(D) The carrier concentration remains the same but the mobility of carriers decreases.      

            

             Ans: A

 

Q.125   At room temperature of 25şC, the barrier Potential for Silicon is 0.7V. Its value at 0şC will be

                   (A)  0.7 V.                                          (B)  0.65 V.

(C)  0.75 V.                                       (D)  0.55 V.

                                                          

             Ans: C

 

Q.126   Which of the following is a unipolar device?

(A)  P-N junction diode                      (B)  Zener diode

(C)  Tunnel diode                                (D)  Schottky diode

 

             Ans: D

 

Q.127                                                                    On applying a Positive voltage signal to the base of a normally biased N-P-N CE transistor amplifier                                  

(A)   Base current will fall.                    

(B)  Collector current will fall.

(C)  Emitter current will fall.                

(D)  Collector voltage will become less positive.                

 

             Ans: D

 

Q.128                                                                    An  N-channel  JFET  has Pinch-off  Voltage of    VP = – 4V  and  given     that VGS = –1V, then the minimum VDS for the device to operate in the Pinch-off region will be

 

(A)   +1V                                             (B)  +3V

(C)  +4V                                             (D)  +5V

 

             Ans: B

 

Q.129   The extremely high input impedance of a MOSFET is Primarily because of

 

(A) Absence of its channel                  

(B)  Depletion of current carriers

(C)  Extremely small leakage current of its gate capacitor   

(D)  Negative VGS

 

             Ans: A

 

Q.130                                                                    When two identical SCRs are placed back-to-back in series with a load and if each is fired at 90ş, then the voltage across the load will be

 

(A)                          (B)  Zero

                   (C)                         (D) 

 

             Ans: A

 

Q.131   In the differentiating circuit shown in Fig.1, the function of resistor R1 is to

                                   

 

 

 

 

                                   

 

 

 

 

 

(A)   Enable the circuit to approach ideal differentiator        

(B) Maintain high input impedance

(C) Eliminate high frequency noise spikes             

(D) Prevent oscillations at high frequencies

                Ans:C


PART – II

 

DESCRIPTIVES

 

Q.1       Define the following and give their units of measurement:-

                   (i)     Resistance.                                  (ii)   Electric Potential.

                   (iii)   Electric current.                                                                                                  (2 x 3)

 

             Ans:

               (i) Resistance: - The opposition offered by a substance to the flow of electric current. The unit of resistance is ohm and given by the symbol W.

(ii) Electric Potential: -The capacity of a charged body to do work. The unit of electric potential is volt (V).

(iii) Electric Current: - The flow of free electrons constitutes electric current. The unit of electric current is called ampere (A).

 

Q.2       Give reasons, why, starters are required for starting a motor.                                    (6)

 

            Ans:

            In case of DC motors, when the motor is at rest, the induced emf in the armature is zero. Consequently, if full voltagte is applied across the motor terminals, the armature will draw heavy current because the armature resistance is relatively small. This heavy starting current will blow out the fuses and it may also damage the armature winding due to excessive heating effect. Excessive voltage drop will occur in the lines to which the motor is connected. To avoid this havy current at start, a variable resistance is connected in series with the armature called starting resistance or starter, thus the armature current is limited to a safe value. Once the motor picks up speed, emf is built up and the resistance is gradually reduced. The whole resistance is taken out of circuit when the motor attains normal speed. The starter contains the protective device as overload protection coil (or relay), which provides necessary protection to the motor against overloading. In case of induction motors, the current drawn by the motor from the supply mains depends upon the rotor current. This current is very large as compared to its full load current. So when squirrel cage motors are directly connected to the supply mains, it draws very large current from the mains which effects in two ways – it produces very lare voltage drop in the distribution lines and affects the voltage regulation of the supply system. It causes disturbance of the other motors connected to the same lines. Hence these motors should be started by means of some starting device known as starter.

 

Q.3       Why single phase induction motor are not self starting?            (8)                      

 

             Ans:

             Single phase induction motor

            Single phase induction motors set up pulsating torque, instead inidirectional and continuous torque. This is because force experienced by the current carrying conductors depends upon the direction of current and the magnitude of the flux. As an alternating current, direction and magnitude is changing so varying force is experienced by the conductors. Once in one direction, say clockwise, then in other direction, i.e. anticlockwise. The change is so quick that neither it moves in a clockwise direction nor in an anticlockwise direction. However, if

             the motor is rotated by some means in any direction it will continue to rotate, even though the starting means have been withdrawn due to resultant torque in that direction. Hence we can say single phase motors are not self starting and certain means have to be used for starting single phase induction motors.

                          

Q.4       State and explain Maximum power transfer theorem.  Also give its applications.                (8)

 

             Ans:

             Maximum power transfer theorem deals with transfer of maximum power from the source to load. This theorem states the relationship between load resistance and internal resistance of the source for maximum power transfer from source to load. This condition is also referred to as impedance matching. Impedance matching is very important in electronic and communication circuits so as to obtain maximum power. Power transferred in an ac circuit is maximum when RL (load resistance) = Ri (internal resistance of the source). This theorem is useful in electronic circuits where maximum power transfer is usually desirable such as Public address System. Also this theorem is applicable in starting of car engines.                

 

Q.5       Based on the core construction, explain the two types of transformer.                       (8)

 

            Ans:

            Two types of core construction are adapted for transformers-core type and shell type. In the core type of construction, the LV and HV coils are interleaved to reduce the leakage flux. Half of LV and half HV are wound on each limb of the core type transformer. For economical insulation, the LV coils are placed next to the core and HV coils are placed on the outside. In the shell type transformer reduced leakage flux is obtained by sandwiching the LV and HV coils. The LV coils are sandwiched between the sections of the HV coil. Both the coils are placed on the central limb of the core.

 

 

                                                                                           HV       LV                                                                        LV        HV

 

                                                                                                                                                

 

 

                                                                                                                                    Windings

 

 

 


                                                                                                      Windings                                                                                         Core

CORE TYPE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


                                                                                                                            Sandwiched LV

                                                                                                                                HV windings

 

 


                                                                                                                                           Core

 

SHELL TYPE

 

Q.6       Explain the word back emf used for a dc motor and highlight its significance.                     (6)

 

             Ans:

             The rotating conductors of the armature between the poles of magnet, in a DC motor, cut the magnetic flux, thereby developing an induced emf, which opposes the applied / external voltage. The induced emf set up in the coil of DC motor opposing the current flowing through the conductor, when the armature rotates, is called back emf. The value of the back emf depends upon the speed of rotation of the armature conductors.When the motor starts, the back emf in the beginning is zero. Consequently, the current flowing through the armature conductors is very large, since the armature resistance is very small. This current is very large and may damage the motor. In order to avoid this , additional resistance is connected in series with the armature to limit the current at starting.

 

Q.7       Write a note on selection of motors for specific engineering applications.                   (8)

 

             Ans:

               Selection of motors for different engineering applications:

Series motors are used in cranes, pumps, trains, trolleys, etc. due to its very high starting torque and variable speed.

Shunt motors run practically at constant speed at almost all loads. Such motors are used in lathes, drills, printing press and for driving pumps.

Cumulative compounds are used in machine tools, coal cutting machines, punch presser, crushers, compressor, rolling mills, elevators where very high starting torque is required and adjustable varying speed is required.

Three phase induction motors are used for high power applications such as in industries.

Single-phase motors are used in most homes, offices and rural areas.

      Fractional kilowatt motors are used in fans, refrigerators, mixers, vacuum cleaners, washing   machines, and small farming appliances.

              Shaded pole motors are used in small fans, convectors, vending machines, photocopying machines, advertising displays.

 

Q.8       Explain the principle of a transformer.                                                                               (6)

 

            

 

             Ans:

         Working Principle of a transformer: The basic principle of a transformer is electromagnetic induction. It consists of two separate windings placed over the laminated silicon steel core. The winding to which ac supply is connected is called

             primary winding and the winding to which load is connected is called a secondary winding. When ac supply of voltage v1 is connected to primary winding, an alternating

             flux is set up in the core. This alternating flux when links with secondary winding, an emf is induced in it and is called mutually induced emf. The direction of this induced emf is opposite to the applied voltage v1. The same alternating flux also links with the primary winding and produces self-induced emf e1. Although there is no electrical connection between primary and secondary winding, but electrical power is transferred from primary circuit to the secondary circuit through mutual flux. The induced emf in the primary and secondary winding depends upon the rate of change of flux linkages (i.e. N df/dt). The rate of change of flux (df/dt) is same for both primary and secondary. Therefore, the induced emf in the primary is proportional to number of turns of the primary winding (e1 µ N1) and in the secondary it is proportional to the number of turns

of the secondary windings  (e2 µ N2). In case N2 > N1 the transformer is step up and in

case N2 < N1 the transformer is step down.

 

 

Q.9       Explain the term slip in an induction motor. (4)

 

            Ans:

            Induction motor rotor always rotates at a speed less than synchronous speed. the difference between the flus speed (Ns) and the rotor speed (N) is called slip. It is usually expressed as a percentage of synchronous speed (Ns) and represented by the symbol ‘S’.                                       

                                                             

                                                 

 

 

 

 

 

Q.10                                                                      Differentiate between the ‘squirrel cage’ and ‘phase wound’ rotor types of induction motors.                                                                                                 (8)

            

             Ans:

 

              Squirrel cage rotor

phase wound rotor

Almost constant speed but decreases slightly with increased load.

Speed decreases more rapidly than squirrel cage motor.

Starting torque is somewhat less, but running torque is good.

Starting torque is about three times the full load torque. Running torque is also good.

Starting current is about 5-6 times the full load current.

Starting current is about 2 times the full load current.

Speed control is done by changing poles.

Speed control is done by changing external resistance of rotor circuit.

Power factor is about 0.7 to 0.8.

Power factor is about 0.8 to 0.9.

Cost of fabrication is low.

Cost of fabrication is high.

Maintenance cost is very low.

Maintenance cost is high (because of extra resistance).

Application- lathes, drills, printing machines, blowers.

Applications – lifts, cranes, where high starting torque is needed.

 

 

Q.11                Explain application and advantages of storage batteries?                               (10)

 

             Ans:

             Applications of storage batteries: Because of the fact that storage batteries are portable, economical, efficient and reliable source of d.c. supply, they have a number of commercial applications. Some of the important applications are:-

i)              These are used for starting, ignition and lighting of automobiles, aircrafts etc.

ii)             For lighting on steam and diesel railways trains.

iii)           As a source of power supply in telephone exchange, laboratories and broad casting stations.

iv)           Used at generating stations and substations for operation of protective devices and for emergency lighting.

v)            For emergency lighting at hospitals, banks, rural areas where electricity supply is not possible.

             Advantages of storage batteries

    Following are the advantages of using storage batteries:-

i)              It is the highest and most efficient device for the storage of energy in portable form.

ii)             The stored energy is available immediately because there is no lag of time for delivering the stored energy.

iii)           The energy storing in the battery may be done at any convenient rate and delivered at any other rate.

iv)           It is very reliable source for supply of energy.

v)     The energy can be drawn at a fairly constant rate.